What Are Piano Scales?

By Michelle Edward

A scale consists of eight tones that are spread equally between one key and the key that is exactly one octave above it. Scales can be in many different types. They are all considered to be either major or minor scales. The happier scales are considered to be the major scales. The dark or deep sounding scales are known as the minor scales.

If you spend a part of your practice time playing scales, you build muscle memory in your hands. This means that, after much time practicing, your hands go more easily to notes in the scale you are playing at any given time. You only have to see the printed music or think of the melody and your hands know what to do.

To talk about scales, you must talk about keys. There are two kinds of keys when you are learning to play the piano. There are the physical blocks of ivory, or some look-alike material, and wood. There are also keys that scales or songs are played in.

If you have ever spent any time in a lounge or piano bar and hear a singer take the stage and address the pianist with "let's go with the key of D", then you might have been confused by his or her statement. What they are telling the pianist is that they would like to start with chords that start with the D key. They then know exactly where they need to begin to play their music. If a chord in a wrong key is played it can drastically affect the overall sound of the song.

When you are learning scales, you can do it without learning all the key signatures. (Key signatures are the written notation of the keys, such as the key of C or the key of G.) You can begin by playing a C scale. A major C scale is all done on the white keys. Begin with your right hand in the Home Keys position. Remember that your fingers are numbered 1-5, with the thumb being 1.

Press the keys and listen to the sounds of the one two three keys being played. You have now heard the sounds of you playing the C D E chord. Rather than going on to the next finger, place your thumb under your other fingers and continue with your thumb hitting the fourth key in the row, or the F key. Let your fingers flow from there to complete the scale with the final note being keyed by your pinkie finger. When you are finished you can pat yourself on the back as you have completed the complete scale by pressing the keys in order, 1-2-3-1-2-3-4-5 (otherwise known as C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C. Continue to practice this so you can play it fluently.

After you are comfortable with the C scale on your right hand, move on to mastering it with your left hand. Rest your pinkie finger on the C key that is below middle C. Your fingers should be mentally numbered from one to five beginning with the pinkie finger. Play the keys as 5-4-3-2-1. After you have completed this step, use your middle finger to reach across the other fingers and put it on the next available key. Play 3-2-1 beginning at this location on the keyboard. When you put it all together you are playing 5-4-3-2-1-3-2-1, otherwise known as C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C.

Once you have taken some time to practice playing the C scale with each hand separately, try to combine them and play them at the same time. Hit the C below the middle C key with your left pinkie and the middle C with your thumb on your left hand. Travel up the scale using both hands. You may find it a bit challenging since you will have to maneuver the middle finger on your left hand over top while you are moving your thumb on the right hand underneath and at different times as well. You will find that as you practice the function becomes much more doable.

Once you get the basic procedure down, it is easy to play other major scales. The only thing you have to remember is the sequence of steps and half steps in a major scale. The correct order up a major scale is: beginning note-step-step-half step-step-step-step-half step. You should be aware that, since there are no black keys between them, the intervals from B-C and from E-F are each half steps.

You can play a scale anywhere on the piano. Just pick a note to start on. It does not matter whether it is a white key or a black key. Use the given sequence of steps and half steps to go from there up an eight note scale. You can even start from the left of the keyboard and continue the scale all the way to the right. With a little practice, you will be proficient at playing major scales. - 31814

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